Automatic quick-change drill chuck



March 1929- w. VON NEUDECK Q ,27

AUTOMATIC QUICK CHANGE DRILL CHUCK Filed April 21, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet '0 L/IVE- 5-5. F/6./,

01V L/IYE 3'3. FIG.

ATTORNEYS.

March 12, 1929. w, you NEUDEK 1,705,275

AUTOMATIC QUICK CHANGE DRILL cflucx Filed April 21. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 if y' V 'INVENTOR! Patented Mar. 12, 1929.

p I 1,705,275 NOFFICEJ".

WILHELM mm NEUDECK, or rHI ADEL I-IIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

- AUTOMATIC QUICK-CHANGE DRILL cHUcK.

Application filed April 21, 1924, Serial No. 767,805, and in G-ermany April 24, 1923.

yMy invention relates to a type of drill chuck known as a quick change drill chuck which has for its main object the insertion of a drill into the chuck and the operative engagement of the same by the chuck, as well as the subsequent removal of the drill from the said chuck without the aid of any key, wrench or other additional locking device, and while the chuck is revolving.

Chucks of this type have been known herei i tofore and depended for'their gripping action on some wedging' mechanism which closed automatically andbecame tighter as the drill was turnedi In order-to release the drill and thus permit its removal from the chuck the wedging force of the chuck had to be overcome by some manual operation;

usually the grasping of and holding stationary some part of the revolving chuck,"while 0 the remaining partscontinued to rotate.

These prior quick change drill-chucks possessed the disadvantage however, that when the drill was Subjected to a great torque, .as when cutting fast, or upon'con 26 tmued use of a dull, the samewould be wedged in the chuck so tight that its release, and subsequent removal from-the chuck be-v came practically impossible by the usual manual operation mentioned above. 0 In the novel drillvchuck' embodying my invention, the above disadvantage is eliminated by a novel construction, whereby the wedging force or the chuck isfirst released by a trigger mechanism, and the chuck is thereafter opened'sufliciently to permit the ready removal of the drill.

Vith the above endtin View my novel quick 1 change drill chuck consists of a conical wedging shell containing three conical clamping elements, and apressure screw 1 mechanismadapted to'force the three conical clamping elements into the conical shell and. thereby cause the said clamping elements to,

operatively engage the shank of the drill-locatedcentrallyof said elemerits'. I

My invention consists more particularly however of a novel construction in said pressurescrew mechanism, whereby the force of" the screw may be relieved by a slight turning of the chuck while in operation. 1

For the purpose of illustrating invenof an operatingsleeve on the outer periphcry of the body of the chuck in a direction; opposed tothe normal direction of rotation,

preferred by me, since they will give in prac- Figure 8 representsa section on line 3 -3 of Figure 1, showing the operating sleevein the releasing position.

Figure 4 represents a view similarto Fig- .ure 3 showing the operatmg sleeve in the locking position.

Figure .5 represents a section on line 55 Figure 1. a Figure 6 represents a view in elevation of the housing of the chuck.

.' Figure 7 represents a operating sleeve.

plan view of the Figure 8 represents a plan view of the.

threaded thrust plate.

Figure 9 represents a-view' in elevation and partlycin section of a modified form of a my inventioni i 4 novel quick change drill chuck embodying i Figure ,10 represents asection on line 1010 of'Figure 9. i v 1 Figure 11 represents a plan view. of. the

operating sleeve of the modified formoi' my inventio i Figure 12 represents a 12,12of Figure 11'. g e m p Figure 13 represents a detailed plan view of. the thrust collar shown "in Figure 9.

section on line i --Figure 14 represents-a detailed plan view? of the ballrace collar shown in Figure 9. c

' Figure l5 represents a detailed vlew'in elevatio'n o'f the' upper beveled thrust plate" shown in- Figure 9;.

Figure 16 represents a detailed view in elevat-ion ofthe lower or threadedthrust plate shown in'Figure 9.

, Referring tothe drawings, 1 designates the central stem of my novel quick change drill chuck, having any standard. shank, suchjaisf the taper shank 2 at its upper end a nd a head 3 at its lower end, integral Wllll'l sald stem,

and comprising the wedgiiig plate 4 and the three prongs 5 and adaptedt-o retain the three conical clamping rollers 6 properly positioned relative to each other. The portion 01 the stem 1 adjacent the head 3 is threaded left handed as at 7, which screw portion 7, aswill be described more in detail hereinafter, is adapted to press and wedge the three clamping rollers 6 into the conical wedging shellS against the shank oil the drill located centrally between the three rollers. p

'The conical shell 8- is secured to the housing 9 01 the drill chuck by means of the threaded portions 10,thusforming a rigid extension of said housing for thepurposes of the mechanism to be described hereinafter. The housing 9 is provided with three equidistant slots in the cylindrical-wall thereof each having an upper narrow portion-11, and a lower wide portion 12, and the ledges 13 at the juncture of each of narrow and wide portions respectively. Within the upper portion of the housing 9 is a fiat helical spring 14 having its inner end engaging the stem 1 by means of the elongated recess 15 therein and having its outer end fixed to the spring casing 16, which casing in turn operatively engages the housing 9 by means oi the three projections 17 integral with the lower or cover plate 18 of said casing, extending into 7 the three narrow slots 11 respectively of the housing 9.

. Below the spring casing 16 are located the two beveled plates 19and 20 respectively of similar contour (as shown in Figure 8) and having the projections 21 and 22 respective ly extendinginto the wide slots 12 of the housing 9 (Figures 1 and '2). The lower beveled plate 20 is provided with an internal thread correspondingto thethread of the pressure screw 7, which is thus adopted to re ceive said pressure screw and forcethe'same downward towards the conical shell by the relative angular movement of the'stem 1 and thechousing 9. The counter pressure of the pressure screw 7 thus received by the lower beveled plate 20, which in turn transmits the pressure to the upper bevel plate through the three steel balls 23 positioned relative to each other by the guide collar 24 and bearing against the inclined surfaces of the two beveled plates respectively (Figures 1, 3, and 4). The upper beveled plate 19 in turn bears a ainst the led 'es 13 of the housing 9. h it: n

' The spring casing 16, beveledplates 19 and 20, and the conical wedging shell all being fixed with respect to any angular movement relative to each other, the spring 14 is seinterposed between said housing and hence the beveled plate 20 and the stemll as to tend to turn said stem in the direction of the arrow B (Figure 1) relative to said beveled plate 20.

Thus the spring 1% feeds the pressure screw 7 downward and causing the conicalclamping rollers 6 to be wedged against the innerconical surface of the shell 8 and the shank of the The rollers 6 being torque incident to the drilling operationcauses the drill to slip in the chuck) "will impartan opposed rotary movement to the shell 8 through the frictional engagei'nent between the cylindrical shank of the drill, the rollers 6, and the inner conical surface of the shell 8. This opposed rotary movement of the shell 8, as can be seen from Figure 1, will cause the pressure screw 7 to be forced further down into'the shell 8, thus 'wedging the drill shank tighter between the three conicalclamping rollers. WVhen the chuck is thus firmly gripping the shank of the drill there is a considerable pressure exerted by the screw 7 between the conical inner surface of the shell 8 and'the ledges 13 of the housing 9. VVereit not. for the screw 7 thus being wedged tight the normally rotating' (in the direction of arrow A) chuck could be opened and the drill therein released by simply manuallygrasping and holding stationary the housing 9 of the chuck; which as will be seen from Figure 1 will cause the screw 7' to withdraw the head 3 from the conical wedging shell 8. Inorder to make such a manual operation for the opening of the chuck possible, it is necessary to first relieve the pressure of the screw 7 and subsequently 'withdraw the same from the direction of the conical shell8. (l

With the above end in View I have provided a novel trigger release mechanism which is adapted to relieve the pressure of the screw 7 and to open thechuck subsequently, by a single and 'eontinuous manual operation, of grasping and holdingstationarysome part of the normally rotating drill chuck. This novel-trigger release mechanism constituting the essence of my invention consists of the three'radially movable steel balls 23, in'ter posed between inclined surfaces of the upper beveled plate 19 and the lower beveled glate 20 which balls 23 are retained in their nor mal position against the component force exerted bythe inclined surfaces of the beveled shown in Figures 1 and 5 by the force ofthe spring 14. lVhen the sleeve 25 is given a slight angular movement relative to the-housing 9 in the direction of the arrow B, as when the sleeve ish-eld stationary while the chuck is rotating in the normal direction A, the recesses 27 in the inner wall of the sleeve 25 are brought into juxtaposition to the balls 23, as shown in Figure 3. In' this position the balls 23 are forced out radially into said recesses 27, by the horizontal component of the force of the pressure screw 7, thus permitting the lower or threaded beveled plate to recede a slight distance towards the upper beveled plate 19 and thus relieving the pressure of the screw 7 A further relative rotation of the sleeve'25 in the direction of the arrow B (as when the sleeve is held stationary while the stem 1 continues 1ts normal rotation in the direction of the arrow A) will carry with it the housing 9 and hence the beveled plates 19 and 20 by their mutual interlocking in the slots 11 and 12 respectively, andcause the screw? and hence the head 3 to be completely withdrawn from the conical wedging shell 8, thus opening up the chuck and releasing the drill clamped therein. Upon releasing the manual hold on the sleeve 25, it will again be turned by the spring 14: into the locking position shown in Figure 4, while'the entire housing 9 and the beveled plates 19: and20 will be rotated by thesp'ring let in the direc Y tion of the arrowA relative to the stem 1', causing the screw 7 to feed down towards the conical shell 8 and thereby wedge the rollers 6 against theshank of any drill placed centrally of the three rollers, thus clamping the same. The above in brief is the principle and. operation of my novel tri er release mechanism in a quick change drill chuck. It will be noted'from the above description'and Figure 1 of the drawings, that the entire vertical iorce of the pressure screw 7 is transmitted from the conical inner surface of the wedging shell 8 to the ledges 13 or": the housing 9 through the three steel balls 23. It has been found in practice that due to the pressure of the screw 7, as well as due to the point contact between the balls and the inclined surfaces of the beveled plates 19 and '20, the steel balls are subject to breakage release mechanism to become inrespond to the inclined surfaces of the beveled,

plates. In thenormal,or locking position,

the thrust collaris retained inthe contracted position, shown in Figure 9, by the three steel balls .43 in the ball retaming collar 29,

' which balls are in turnsupported by the inner cylindrical surface of the operating housing 9, the recesses 27 are again brought into.juxtaposition to the balls 23, allowing the thrust collar QSto' expand slightly and force the balls 23 out radially into the recesses 27,:thus relieving the pressure of the screw 7 andpermitting the withdrawal of the head 3 and theopcning of the chuck as explained above. It is thus seen that in this modified and improved form of my invention, the direct vertical force of thepressure screw 7 is taken up by athrust collar 28 capableot' withstanding said vertical pressurewlthoutany possibility of tracturewhlle only the lesser horizontal component of said vertical jlorce necessary toellectthe triggeraction of the release i'nechanisnnis'borne by the steel 'balls23. Gtherwrse the principle of construction and operation ct this modified and improved form of my invention is identical with that illu'stratedin l ligures 1 to 8 inclusive. i

- Having thus I cl aim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Ina device of the character ho using,:a pressure screw therein, a. of clamping devices in'the lowerportion 01 said housing below said screw, means care ried by said screwand b'r-raringon said clamping devices, a tension device for said screw, ai-n'ianually' operated device carried by said housing, and means including radially movstated, a

ableloclring elements, intermediate said. de-- vice and screw,.forfirst relieving the presdrawing said screw :troinsaid clampingdevices to enable the latter to open. 2.In a device of the character described,

a housing, a pressure screw therein, an internally conical wedging shell carried byonc I extremity of saidhousing, a plurality o'fconidescribed my i nvention what plurality .sure of said screw and subsequently withi cal clamping elements within said wed'ging'.

shell, means carried by said screw and adapted to bear on said conical clan'iping elements 1 to wedge the same in said conical shell, a cor-, rcspondingly threaded element for receiving said. screw, a tension device adapted to urge said screw towards said wedging shell, a

manually operated sleeve carJied by said housing, and releasing means including radially movable locking elements, intermediatesaicl sleeve and screw, for first relieving the pressure of said screw and subsequently withdrawing said screw from said clamp-v ing element to enable the latterto open.

8. In an automatic chuck, a housing, an in ternally conical wedging shell fixed to'one extremity of said housing, a plurality ofconlcal clamping elements within said shell, a pressure screw adaptedto force said clamping elements into operative engagement with said conical shell, by an angular movement relative to said housing, a. correspondingly thrcinled-collar supporting said screw, a tension device adapted to urge said screw toto thereby relieve the pressure of said screw,

and a manually operable operating sleeve carried by said housing and capable of a limited angular movement with respect to said housing adapted to retain said pressure reflieving element in its locking position in one angular position of the sleeve and adapted to release said element into the pressure relieving position when said sleeve is in an. angular position relative to said housing removed from said first locking position.

' 4. ln an automatic chuck comprising a housing, and a we'dging clamping device including a spring actuated pressure screw, a release mechanism for opening said chuck consisting of a. correspondingly threaded sup porting collar for receiving said pressure screw capable of an axial movement with respect to said housing and having a bearing surface, a spring interposed between said screw and collar, a corresponding fixed bearing sin-face carried by said housing and incline'd radially outward with respect to said movable bearing surface, a plurality of radially movable spherical pressure relieving thrust elements interposed between said inclined bearing surfaces whereby an outward radial movement of said spherical elements will permit said screw supporting collar to recede thus relieving the pressure of sald screw, and an operating sleeve, carried by and capable of a limited angular movement with respect to said housing, said sleeve being adapted to retain said spherical elements in their inner locking position and adapted to release said spherical elements into their outer pressure relievingposition-by a slight angular movement of the sleeve relative to said housing and a tension device, said sleeve being retained in said locking position by said tension device.

5. In an automatic chuck comprising a housing, and a wedging clamping device including a spring actuated pressure screw, a release mechanism foropening said chuck consisting of a correspondingly threaded support-111g collar tor receiving said pressure screw, an operating sleeve carried by and capablc of a llmited angular movement with respect to said housin a plurality of spherical thrust elements interposed between said expansible thrust element and said operating sleeve, whereby said expansible thrust element'is' retained in its contracted locking posit-ion, and means carried by said sleeve whereby a slight angular movement relative to said housing will permit an outward radial movement of said spherical thrust elements and hence permit the expansion of said expansible thrust element into its pressure relieving position, and a tension device adapted to retainsaid sleeve inits locking position relative to said housin 1 i wni nLM NEUDEGK- 

